Before updating the BIOS, you can give it a try disabling the IOMMU option in it. Or set it to 'Enabled' but not to 'Auto'.
Seems like this option doesn't go well with Ryzen CPUs.
I am experiencing some graphics artefacts with my Ryzen 3400G and found this IOMMU function could be faulty. But I'm on Linux and didn't have time to investigate any further yet so that could be completely another problem...
If the proposal above doesn't give any good results, I would try booting from a Linux Mint Live USB and check if the freezes appear there too.
That would let you know if this is hardware or OS related.
Good luck!
Appreciate the indepth reply and suggestions! The tip regarding Linux to rule out potential hardware or OS related issues sounds rather way out of my knowledge zone unfortunately