What's wrong with using a 2400G instead of a 2600? Are the extra two cores really going to be a rate limiter here?
Its 50% more CPU power in the 65W power envelop. Or if you go with a AMD 1700 ( non-x ... 65W ), you are running a 8 core...
Those A300's, if they also added supported for ECC ( no reason not too, its just bios settings ), you have yourself a darn powerful mini server.
A GPU is nothing but a { useless } power and memory consumer when your running headless. Unless you X up or run into a real issue, you do not need a GPU.
Also I've heard (not certain) that there distros of Linux that don't require a display adapter, they can run headless, like as a NAS or other home server, so there legitimate use cases for not wanting/needing on board graphics, other than "I want to build a ridiculous console computer".
Most server only OS like Debian with minimal install do not need a graphical chipset. I have run mITX boards without a GPU installed on Ryzen chips, they work perfectly. Even cloning that disk and installing it in a other identical system... instant boot. Is it professional? No
The only real "issue" is installing the OS for the first time. And like what you did, just install a m.2 extender temporary when you need to fix something in the bios / boot, when you do not have network / ssh access.
I'm still trying to contact Asrock, at higher levels than the sales and tech support emails, to see if I could get/buy an unofficial BIOS update that allows the use us the non APU chips. If any can/wants to help feel free, I really don't want buy a 2400g, compromising the vision for my project and effectively wasting the ~$160 spent on the 2600. I think if we show interest in these uses cases they may be more inclined to help out.
The question is more: What is Asrock their vision for this project. If for instance the board has only a 16MB bios, they simply prefer to keep the space free, for future 3000 series APU chipsets. They already have issue with AM4 boards with only 16MB bios, that may be unable to support the 3000 series CPUs because of this lack in space.
Another issue is simply, from Asrock their position, a few people is not worth it for them to create a custom bios or update the existing bios. So i fear your not going to get a lot of traction.