The Mac Mini is 197mm square and 36mm tall, so that sounds very doable. The main challenge would likely be finding a suitable TB3 board to fit in there with the GPU, as well as rigging up a power supply. Depending on the fit and the choice of GPU, you might be able to use the stock PSU - for current models it's a 12V 12.5A unit, so that should be able to drive a decent SFF GPU. Of course using that power supply would require custom wiring as well as making the GPU a rather tight fit. Lastly, you'd need to ensure that the GPU's fan is able to pull in air through the bottom of the case, or mod the case somehow.