Hey RedTomato!
I agree a lot with what the other two posters have to say. I actually have a Logic Supply MC600 that I started to mod and won't be able to continue working on, if you'd be willing to pay shipping, I'd happily send it to you. I have a few other doodads (G-Unique Power Supply) that might be useful to go along with it if you want to send me a message and work something out. Might be costly since it sounds like you're in Europe, though.
As far as "off the shelf" ITX cases, I'm pretty quick to recommend the Silverstone Sugo cases to folks who started a build without ITX in mind, if they already have an ITX motherboard, or have the ability to move to an ITX board without much cost. It accommodates a lot of conventional/ATX hardware, besides the motherboard, and all things considered is pretty space efficient. The newest one, the SG13, is my personal favorite--mind you I've never personally handled one of the cases. But reviews seem kind enough to them, and they can normally be found for less than $50 here in the US.
In terms of the smallest ITX cases from main manufacturers I'm aware of, it's the Node 202 you're referring to or Silverstone's RVZ series.
You really have to start digging into more enthusiast territory if you're wanting to go smaller than that simply because, like AleksandarK mentioned, the market hasn't been recognized by the big dogs yet. Love them or hate them, LTT showing this sphere a lot of recent attention will probably help things pick up some momentum!
All that said, Logic Supply's MC600 is definitely one of the most affordable options using the same kind of layout of NFC's most recent cases, which is a popular and efficient design. I understand them to be based out of the US, so transport might end up not making it such a good value for you. There's Geeek who makes very affordable cases primarily out of acrylic. Having handled only their test bench, I definitely felt like I received a "budget" product in terms of feel and the inconvenient assembly, but it's really hard to complain when the product was like $15.
Chances are, with the hardware you have, you could probably get away without really needing to modify a Logic Supply MC600, most users cut openings for air intake to help the CPU and GPU breathe, but your i3 and GTX1050 are both quite efficient and cool parts.
Edit: There are actually reviews (and I believe discussion threads) for the Geeek A30 and A10, and even the Logic Supply MC600 here on the news end of the site.
